Introduction
We are thrilled to share the latest guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) that emphasize the importance of physical activity, limited sedentary behavior, and quality sleep for children under 5 years of age. These guidelines have been developed by a panel of experts who have assessed the impact of various factors on young children's health, and the findings are a call to action for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to prioritize the early years of a child's life.
The Significance of Early Childhood
The WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, rightly points out that
"early childhood is a period of rapid development," and it is during this crucial time that family lifestyle patterns can be established to promote lifelong health.
The choices made in these early years have a profound impact on a child's growth and development.
Promoting Health from the Start
The new WHO guidelines provide clear recommendations for different age groups within the under-5 population, emphasizing the need for physical activity, reduced sedentary time, and quality sleep. These guidelines are not just about avoiding childhood obesity but are also essential for overall physical and mental well-being.
Infants (Less than 1 year)
Infants should engage in physical activity several times a day, particularly through interactive floor-based play. Tummy time is essential for those not yet mobile.
Restraint in prams, strollers, high chairs, or carriers should be limited to no more than 1 hour at a time.
Screen time is discouraged, and interactive non-screen-based activities with caregivers, such as reading and storytelling, are encouraged.Infants need 14–17 hours of good-quality sleep, including naps.
Children (1-2 years)
Children in this age group should spend at least 180 minutes in various types of physical activities throughout the day. Physical activity should include moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activities.
Similar to infants, children should not be restrained for more than 1 hour at a time, and sedentary screen time should be avoided. Reading and storytelling with caregivers are recommended when sedentary.Children aged 2 years should have no more than 1 hour of sedentary screen time, while those aged 1 year should avoid it altogether. They need 11-14 hours of good-quality sleep, including naps, with consistent sleep and wake-up times.
Children (3-4 years)
For children aged 3-4 years, physical activity remains a crucial aspect of their development. They should engage in at least 180 minutes of various physical activities throughout the day, with a focus on at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity.
Restraining children for extended periods or excessive sedentary screen time is discouraged. Reading and storytelling with caregivers are encouraged during sedentary periods.
These children require 10–13 hours of good-quality sleep, which may include a nap, with consistent sleep and wake-up times.
Conclusion
The WHO guidelines provide a roadmap to help parents and caregivers ensure that children under 5 years of age grow up healthy and well-prepared for life. As pediatric physical therapists, we emphasize the importance of adopting these recommendations to promote children's motor and cognitive development and lifelong health. By embracing these guidelines, we can bring back the joy of play for children, protect their sleep, and set the stage for a healthier future. It is our collective responsibility to prioritize the well-being of our youngest generation and give them the best start in life.
Reference:
World Health Organization. (2019, April 24). New WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more
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